  Indirect acting sympathomimetics act on adrenergic neurone to release noradrenaline NA, which then act on adrenoceptors.
  Drugs present in this class: Amphetamine, Tyramine
Amphetamine
Trade Name Adzenys XR-ODT | Dyanavel XR | Evekeo | Evekeo ODT
Drug Class CNS Stimulant
Pharmacological Action
 Amphetamines having a pharmacological profile similar to ephedrine.
CNS
 They exert potent CNS stimulant. The central effects include
  • Alertness
  • Increased concentration and attention span
  • Postponement of sleep
  • Euphoria (a state of intense happiness and self-confidence)
  • Talkativeness
  • Increased work capacity
Reticular Activating System (RAS)
 RAS is stimulated resulting in wakefulness and postponement of sleep deprivation.
Respiratory Center
 Amphetamines stimulate respiratory centre, specifically if it has been depressed.
Other actions
 Hunger is suppressed due to inhibition of hypothalamus feeding center.
 Hear rate and BP are not significant at usual doses.
 Tone of vesical sphincter (sphincter present in urinary bladder) is increased.
Adverse drug reactions
Central effects
 High doses produce,
  • Euphoria
  • Restlessness
  • Insomania
  • Aggression
  • Mental confusion
  • Delirium (confused thinking and reduced awareness of the environment)
  • Hallucination
Peripheral effects
  • Rise in BP
  • Palpitation
  • Arrhythmias
  • Vomiting
  • Abdominal cramps
  • Vascular collapse
Toxicity treatment
 Administration of chlorpromazine which controls both central as well as peripheral alpha adrenergic effects.
Mechanism of Action
Uses
  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
  • Narcolepsy
  • Obesity
  • Depression
  Drugs present in this class: Amphetamine, Tyramine
Amphetamine
Trade Name Adzenys XR-ODT | Dyanavel XR | Evekeo | Evekeo ODT
Drug Class CNS Stimulant
Pharmacological Action
 Amphetamines having a pharmacological profile similar to ephedrine.
CNS
 They exert potent CNS stimulant. The central effects include
  • Alertness
  • Increased concentration and attention span
  • Postponement of sleep
  • Euphoria (a state of intense happiness and self-confidence)
  • Talkativeness
  • Increased work capacity
Reticular Activating System (RAS)
 RAS is stimulated resulting in wakefulness and postponement of sleep deprivation.
Respiratory Center
 Amphetamines stimulate respiratory centre, specifically if it has been depressed.
Other actions
 Hunger is suppressed due to inhibition of hypothalamus feeding center.
 Hear rate and BP are not significant at usual doses.
 Tone of vesical sphincter (sphincter present in urinary bladder) is increased.
Adverse drug reactions
Central effects
 High doses produce,
  • Euphoria
  • Restlessness
  • Insomania
  • Aggression
  • Mental confusion
  • Delirium (confused thinking and reduced awareness of the environment)
  • Hallucination
Peripheral effects
  • Rise in BP
  • Palpitation
  • Arrhythmias
  • Vomiting
  • Abdominal cramps
  • Vascular collapse
Toxicity treatment
 Administration of chlorpromazine which controls both central as well as peripheral alpha adrenergic effects.
Mechanism of Action
Amphetamine (Amph) enters the adrenergic neurone through neuronsl Norepinephrine Transporter (NET) or Dopamine Transporter (DAT)
↓
Enters storage vesicles through Vesicular Monamine Transporter (VMAT2)
↓
It displaces the stored Noradrenaline (NA) into the neuronal cytoplasm
↓
NA is released into synaptic cleft by exchange diffusion with extracellular amphetamine or by reverse transport, both uses NET
↓
Enters storage vesicles through Vesicular Monamine Transporter (VMAT2)
↓
It displaces the stored Noradrenaline (NA) into the neuronal cytoplasm
↓
NA is released into synaptic cleft by exchange diffusion with extracellular amphetamine or by reverse transport, both uses NET
Uses
  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
  • Narcolepsy
  • Obesity
  • Depression
